- Who We Serve
- What We Do
- About Us
- Insights & Research
- Who We Serve
- What We Do
- About Us
- Insights & Research
Understanding Distributing Ladder ETFs: An Innovation in Cash Flow Management
Learn how distributing ladder ETFs work, the benefits they deliver and how your clients can use them.
Key Points
What it is
We show how distributing ladder ETFs can be a smart cash flow management solution to achieve recurring annual financial goals.
Why it matters
Annual principal repayments and monthly income from the ETFs can significantly reduce the risk of falling short of clients’ critical goals.
Where it's going
The ETFs are a single-fund, low-cost cash flow management solution that offer inflation protection and tax efficiency over a variety of time horizons.
Some of the most important goals for investors — retirement, college payments, philanthropy, lifestyle support — require regular cash distributions. Advisors may fund these goals through diversified portfolios or fixed income investments.
However, these approaches come with equity and interest rate risks that may increase the likelihood of clients falling short of their goals. To generate liquidity at predetermined intervals, advisors may have to sell assets at losses in the middle of difficult markets, while interest rates are fluctuating, or when liquidity is low. Managing these risks that threaten to deteriorate wealth as they manage cash distributions to fulfill their clients’ financial goals can be challenging.
Distributing ladder ETFs — an innovative cash flow management solution — offers an enhanced approach to securing some of clients’ most important goals, with the added benefits of staying invested and mitigating interest rate and inflation risks.
How Distributing Ladder ETFs Work
A distributing ladder ETF is a portfolio of bonds with staggered maturity dates. In the case of a one-to-10 year distributing ladder, each individual “rung” of the ladder within the ETF represents one year. Distributing ladder ETFs seek to provide monthly income while distributing principal annually (see Exhibit 1). This contrasts with traditional where proceeds from maturing bonds are continuously reinvested into another future rung of the ladder rather than returned to the investor. The annual return of principal makes these products innovative among fixed income ETFs.
Distributing ladder ETFs are professionally managed portfolios of high quality bonds, including municipal bonds that deliver tax-exempt income or that provide inflation protection.
Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS) are Treasury bonds indexed to inflation to protect against inflation-related purchasing power deterioration.
A bond ladder is a strategy where the investor invests in a series of bonds with staggered maturity dates, often in consecutive years. With a perpetual ladder, the proceeds from matured bonds are reinvested into more bonds. With a distributing ladder, the investor directly receives the proceeds from matured bonds.
Exhibit 1: A 10-Year Distributing Ladder
A $500,000 investment in a 10-year tax-exempt distributing ladder results in total monthly income and annual principal payments of $567,055.


A Goals-Driven Approach: College Expenses
Rather than viewing investments as one diversified portfolio, with allocations based primarily on risk tolerance and the concept of volatility or standard deviation, the increasingly popular goals-driven approach aligns investment assets to secure the most important priorities in clients’ lives.
Goals-driven investing matches a clients’ financial assets to their unique goals and objectives to create a true reflection of the purpose that underlies their assets. This closer alignment of priorities and assets also can help clients avoid some common investment mistakes, as research has shown that behavioral biases tend to cause investors to buy high and sell low.
Many investors have a goal of covering annual college expenses for a child. Using a five-year tax-exempt distributing ladder ETF to manage annual cash flow, they stay invested and receive distributions of monthly tax-exempt income and annual principal to cover college expenses (Exhibit 2).
Exhibit 2: Paying College Expenses
A $500,000 investment in a five-year tax-exempt distributing ladder allows parents to cover more than $90,000 in college expenses a year, receiving a total of $530,473 in annual distributions and monthly income.

Matching Investments to Clients’ Important Goals
Assets should serve a purpose, to help investors secure some of the most important goals for them and their families. Distributing ladder ETFs, an investment innovation for cash flow management, are designed to deliver on goals that require annual cash distributions while mitigating interest-rate risks. They are a single fund solution to cash flow management in a low-cost ETF, with potential for inflation protection and tax efficiency over a variety of time horizons.
Main Point
A Tool for Recurring Annual Financial Goals
Some of the most important goals — retirement, college payments, philanthropy, lifestyle support — require regular cash distributions. Distributing ladder ETFs seek to deliver annual principal repayment and monthly income, while potentially reducing interest-rate and inflation risk.

Contact Us
Interested in learning more about our expertise and how we can help?
Amortization is the action or process of gradually writing off the initial cost of an asset.
Coupon payments are the interest payments that a bond issuer makes to bond investors.
{{credit_risk}}
Fluctuation of Yield and Principal Payment Risk is the risk that the Fund, unlike a direct investment in a bond that has a level coupon payment and a fixed payment at maturity, will make distributions of income that vary over time. Unlike a direct investment in bonds, the breakdown of returns between Fund distributions are not predictable at the time of your investment.
Fund Termination Risk is the risk that, unlike an investment in a traditional investment company with perpetual existence, the Fund is designed to liquidate in the terminal year and thus a shareholder of the Fund will not receive distributions from the Fund beyond the terminal year.
Inflation-Indexed Securities Risk is the risk that the value of inflation protected securities, such as TIPS, generally will fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates, generally decreasing when real interest rates rise and increasing when real interest rates fall. In addition, interest payments on inflation-protected securities will generally vary up or down along with the rate of inflation.
{{liquidity_risk}}
Municipal Investments Risk is the risk that the value of a municipal security generally depends on the financial and credit status of the issuer. Constitutional amendments, legislative enactments, executive orders, administrative regulations, voter initiatives, and the issuer’s regional economic conditions may affect a municipal security’s value, interest payments, repayment of principal and the Fund’s ability to sell the security.
Municipal Market Volatility Risk is the risk that the Fund may be adversely affected by volatility in the municipal market. The municipal market can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, political or public health changes and the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities.
{{non_diversification_risk}}
Return of Capital/Distribution Risk is the risk that the Fund’s distributions will involve a return of capital, which, although not currently taxable, may lower a shareholder’s basis in the Fund’s shares, thus potentially subjecting the shareholder to future tax consequences in connection with the sale of Fund shares, even if sold at a loss to the shareholder’s original investment.
Small Fund Risk is the risk that the Fund will not grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case it may liquidate prior to the anticipated liquidation date in the terminal year, thus impacting the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
This content may not be edited, altered, revised, paraphrased, or otherwise modified without the prior written permission of Northern Trust Asset Management (NTAM). The information contained herein is intended for use with current or prospective clients of Northern Trust Investments, Inc (NTI) or its affiliates. The information is not intended for distribution or use by any person in any jurisdiction where such distribution would be contrary to local law or regulation. NTAM and its affiliates may have positions in and may effect transactions in the markets, contracts and related investments different than described in this information. This information is obtained from sources believed to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed, and is subject to change. Information does not constitute a recommendation of any investment strategy, is not intended as investment advice and does not take into account all the circumstances of each investor.
This report is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, an offer, solicitation or recommendation with respect to any transaction and should not be treated as legal advice, investment advice or tax advice. Recipients should not rely upon this information as a substitute for obtaining specific legal or tax advice from their own professional legal or tax advisors. References to specific securities and their issuers are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended and should not be interpreted as recommendations to purchase or sell such securities. Indices and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Information is subject to change based on market or other conditions.
All securities investing and trading activities risk the loss of capital. Each portfolio is subject to substantial risks including market risks, strategy risks, advisor risk, and risks with respect to its investment in other structures. There can be no assurance that any portfolio investment objectives will be achieved, or that any investment will achieve profits or avoid incurring substantial losses. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Risk controls and models do not promise any level of performance or guarantee against loss of principal. Any discussion of risk management is intended to describe NTAM’s efforts to monitor and manage risk but does not imply low risk.
Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
Forward-looking statements and assumptions are NTAM’s current estimates or expectations of future events or future results based upon proprietary research and should not be construed as an estimate or promise of results that a portfolio may achieve. Actual results could differ materially from the results indicated by this information.
Before investing, carefully consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses. This and other information is in the prospectus and a summary prospectus, copies of which may be obtained by visiting www.flexshares.com. Read the prospectus carefully before you invest.
Northern Funds Distributors, LLC, distributor. Northern Funds Distributors, LLC and FlexShares are not affiliated with Northern Trust.
All investments are subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of principal amount invested. Investments do not typically grow at an even rate of return and may experience negative growth. As with any type of portfolio structuring, attempting to reduce risk and increase return could, at certain times, unintentionally reduce returns.
Not FDIC insured | May lose value | No bank guarantee
As with any fund, it is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank.
ETFs are subject to additional risks that do not apply to conventional mutual funds, including the risks that the market price of an ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or discount to its net asset value, an active secondary trading market may not develop or be maintained, or trading may be halted by the exchange in which they trade, which may impact an ETF’s ability to sell its shares. Shares of any ETF are bought and sold at market price (not NAV) and are not individually redeemed from the ETF. Brokerage commissions will reduce returns.
© 2025 Northern Trust Corporation. Head Office: 50 South La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603 U.S.A.